He kristal ʻano nila kala ʻole ka Phenol (C6H5OH) me kahi ʻala ʻokoʻa. He mea nui ia no ka hana ʻana i kekahi mau resins, bactericides, preservatives, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau (e like me ka aspirin). Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka disinfecting i nā mea hana ʻokiʻoki, ka mālama ʻana i nā excreta, ka sterilization ʻili, ka hōʻoluʻolu ʻana i ka maneʻo, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka otitis media. He 43°C ka heheʻe ʻana o ka Phenol a he mea hoʻoheheʻe iki ia i ka wai ma ka mahana o ka lumi akā maʻalahi ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik. Ke ʻoi aku ka mahana ma mua o 65°C, lilo ia i mea hui pū me ka wai ma kekahi ʻano. He mea ʻino ka Phenol a hoʻoulu i ka denaturation protein kūloko i ka wā e pili ai. Hiki ke holoi ʻia nā hopena o ka phenol e pili ana me ka ʻili me ka waiʻona. ʻO kahi hapa liʻiliʻi o ka phenol i hōʻike ʻia i ka ea e oxidizes i quinone, e lilo ana i poni. Lilo ia i poni i ka wā e hōʻike ʻia ai i nā ion ferric, kahi waiwai i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e hoʻāʻo ai no ka phenol.
Moʻolelo ʻIke
Ua ʻike ʻia ka Phenol i loko o ke kēpau lanahu i ka makahiki 1834 e ke kemika Kelemania ʻo Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge, no laila ua ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ia he waikawa carbolic. Ua loaʻa mua ka Phenol i ka ʻike ākea ma muli o ke kauka Pelekane kaulana ʻo Joseph Lister. Ua ʻike ʻo Lister ʻo ka hapa nui o nā make ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana ma muli o nā maʻi ʻeha a me ka hana ʻana o ka pus. Ma kahi hanana, ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i kahi hopena phenol dilute e pīpī i nā mea hana ʻoki a me kona mau lima, kahi i hōʻemi nui ai i nā maʻi maʻi. Ua hoʻokumu kēia ʻike i ka phenol ma ke ʻano he antiseptic ʻoki kino ikaika, e loaʻa ana iā Lister ke poʻo inoa ʻo "Makua o ke ʻoki Antiseptic."
Nā Waiwai Kemika
Hiki i ka Phenol ke omo i ka makū mai ka lewa a hoʻoheheʻe. He ʻala ʻokoʻa kona, a he ʻono ʻono nā hopena hoʻoheheʻe loa. He mea ʻino loa ia a pane koke i nā kemika. Hoʻopili ia me nā aldehydes a me nā ketones e hana i nā resins phenolic a me bisphenol A, a me ka acetic anhydride a i ʻole ka waikawa salicylic e hana i ka phenyl acetate a me nā salicylate esters. Hiki iā ia ke hana i nā hopena halogenation, hydrogenation, oxidation, alkylation, carboxylation, esterification, a me etherification.
Ma nā mahana maʻamau, paʻa ka phenol a ʻaʻole ia e pane koke me ka sodium. Inā hoʻomehana ʻia ka phenol e hoʻoheheʻe ma mua o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka sodium no kahi hoʻokolohua, e hoʻemi maʻalahi ʻia, a loli kona kala i ka wā e hoʻomehana ai, e hoʻopilikia ana i ka hopena hoʻokolohua. I ke aʻo ʻana, ua hoʻohana ʻia kekahi ʻano hana ʻē aʻe e hoʻokō ai i nā hopena hoʻokolohua kūpono me ka maʻalahi a me ka maikaʻi. I loko o kahi paipu hoʻāʻo, hoʻohui ʻia he 2-3 mL o ka ether anhydrous, a ukali ʻia e kahi ʻāpana metala sodium e like me ka nui o ka pea. Ma hope o ka wehe ʻana i ka kerosene ʻili me ka pepa kānana, waiho ʻia ka sodium i loko o ka ether, kahi i ʻole ai e pane. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi liʻiliʻi o ka phenol a me ka lulu ʻana i ka paipu e hiki ai i ka sodium ke pane wikiwiki, e hana ana i ka nui o ke kinoea. ʻO ke kumumanaʻo ma hope o kēia hoʻokolohua, ʻo ia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka phenol i loko o ka ether, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ana i kāna pane me ka sodium.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Ian-20-2026